has a highly developed antitrust and competition practice with a large team of competition specialists and a team of dedicated economists within its ranks. It continues to have a significant market share of merger control engagements, advising on 11 out of 12 mergers publicly reviewed by the Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore in 2021. The group is also active in the cartels space and has landed an impressive client base. Eminent practitioner Daren Shiau is regional co-head of the competition and antitrust practice, alongside chief economist Elsa Chen. Scott Clements is another experienced contentious and non-contentious competition specialist, and Desiree Lim is a key senior associate.
Practice head(s):
Daren Shiau; Elsa Chen
Other key lawyers:
Scott Clements; Desiree Lim
Testimonials
‘The Allen & Gledhill team is unrivalled in its skill and experience in competition law in Singapore and ASEAN. It is the only practice where all lawyers and economists are 100% focused on competition law, just as you would expect from the top antitrust practices in Brussels and Washington DC.’
‘Allen & Gledhill is head and shoulders above its competitors in expertise and executions.’
‘Veteran Daren Shiau is the most well-established and pedigreed lawyer in the industry; he is polished, articulate, and unsurpassed in his ability to deliver results. Anecdotally, when contentious competition issues arise, clients rush to instruct him first. I do not know of anyone who exceeds his knowledge of the law and the regulators.’
‘Partners Elsa Chen and Scott Clements are both very highly-ranked competition practitioners. This team has the deepest competition bench in Singapore and the region.’
‘Their star associate is Desiree Lim.’
‘I was impressed by Elsa Chen in particular. She is very responsive, excellent in addressing client’s questions and good at handling complex issues with care and sensitivity. She has a wealth of experience to draw on and is able to give insights on matters and add significant value based on recent deal experience. She also offers sound advice on complex issues.’
‘Elsa Chen’s star continues to rise. She has her finger on the pulse of cases and manages to cut through the issues and zooms into what matters. Brings a fresh perspective on competition matters from her economist background.’
‘Scott Clements is exceptional, with a strong strategic sense and ability to guide complex matters through the CCCS. Daren Shiau likewise is extraordinary.’
Work highlights
- Advised Aon, as lead Singapore antitrust counsel, on the $30bn proposed business combination of Aon and Willis Towers Watson.
- Advised Cargotec Corporation and Konecranes as lead antitrust counsel on a merger agreement entered into between the parties.
- Advised Korean Air Lines and Asiana Airlines on the $1.6bn acquisition by Korean Air of a majority stake in Asiana.
has a complete antitrust and competition practice, with a solid flow of competition disputes, regulatory matters and merger filings. The firm has worked intensively in regulatory and sectoral matters, notably helping ASEAN governments to liberalise certain markets and establish new regulatory frameworks, with Lim Chong Kin
having an outstanding reputation in the field. It is also well placed to handle disputes and investigations with high-profile partner Cavinder Bull SChaving a long track record in this area. Corinne Chewis a dedicated competition specialist with a major focus on merger filings; she led the team that advised Refinitiv on its Singapore merging filing connected to its acquisition by the London Stock Exchange.
Practice head(s):
Lim Chong Kin; Cavinder Bull SC; Corinne Chew
Other key lawyers:
Chia Voon Jiet
Testimonials
‘Drew & Napier approaches legal and regulatory issues with a business-centric and practical mindset, their advice is not just based on the law but also practical, from a commercial point of view, not only providing advice on what’s asked, but also considering macro and micro views and incorporating it into sound practical advice. Its leading partners in antitrust & competition have excellent legal knowledge and in-depth understanding of the regulator. With understanding of regulatory thinking, Drew & Napier has differentiated from some other firms and become one of the leading teams in the antitrust area.’
‘Lim Chong Kin is very knowledgeable and an expert in the antitrust & competition area, and remarkably responsive and friendly. We have been working closely on a numbers of projects and international forums. I am always impressed by his dedication and ability to brilliantly resolve complex matters. With his leadership, Drew & Napier’s antitrust practice has constantly worked on every significant development in the Singapore market.’
Key clients
Refinitiv Holdings Ltd
Info-communications Media Development Authority of Singapore
ADB BVBA and Safegate International AB
Temasek
Heliconia Capital Management
Work highlights
- Supported the regulator, Info-communications Media Development Authority of Singapore, with implementing the converged telecoms and media regulatory framework.
- Assisted Refinitiv with the filing to the Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore for the proposed acquisition by the London Stock Exchange Group of Refinitiv Holdings.
- Assisted Temasek and Heliconia as lead counsel and obtained clearances with, among others, Brazil, China, COMESA, Germany, Indonesia, South Africa, Vietnam and Pakistan for the acquisition of interest in PIL.
has a notable Singapore and regional reputation, landing it an impressive market share of merger and investigation engagements, including matters in Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines. Its client base includes a number of major multinationals such as Coca-Cola and Willis Towers Watson, and it recently acted for DBS Bank in the joint development, with JP Morgan and Temasek, of a common and open industry platform for payments, trade and foreign exchange settlement through the use of blockchain solutions. Department head Kala Anandarajah continues to impress in merger notifications and regional matters, while Tanya Tang is the firm’s chief economic and policy advisor, noted for her experience in the technology and social media sectors. Dominique Lombardi has left the firm.
Practice head(s):
Kala Anandarajah
Other key lawyers:
Tanya Tang
Testimonials
‘The antitrust division of this firm has been led by excellent partners. In addition, this firm may cover almost all ASEAN countries. They can provide us a whole picture of ASEAN countries.’
‘I mostly work with Kala Anandarajah. the head of the team. She is very responsive. She listens to the intention of the clients very carefully and considers how to break through the practical difficulties. Thus her work becomes very creative.’
‘The team is able to match its legal knowledge with in-depth understanding of the industry, making their legal advice highly practical and useful. Always ready to take calls at short notice; and are brilliant in their delivery. Also highly notable is the development/succession planning of the team’s associates.’
‘Kala Anandarajah is a great person and a good lawyer!’
‘R&T’s competition team offers practical and commercial advice. They are quick, responsive and diligent.’
‘Kala Anandarajah is quick and practical – she has a wonderful understanding of Singapore and does not give overly conservative advice – she acts with the clients’ best interests at heart and while she is able to think like a regulator, she can cut through the weeds to really understand what the client wants to achieve.’
Key clients
Coca-Cola
Entegris
DBS Bank Ltd
SK Hynix
Willis Towers Watson
Singapore Exchange Limited
Cuscaden Peak Pte. Ltd.
HSBC Bank (Singapore) Limited
Sunseap Group Pte. Ltd.
Echo Healthcare Management Pte. Ltd.
Japfa Ltd
Work highlights
- Acted on the proposed acquisition by the client Entegris of all shares of CMC Materials.
- Acted for DBS Bank on the joint development with JP Morgan and Temasek of a common and open industry platform for payments, trade and foreign exchange settlement, through the use of blockchain solutions.
- Acted for SK hynix on the notification to the CCCS of its proposed acquisition of the NAND flash memory and SSD business of Intel.
WongPartnership LLP
WongPartnership LLP continues to make an impression in merger and cartel matters, also leading appeals to the Competition Appeal Board. Its sectoral strength includes the transport, fast moving consumer goods and oil and gas industries, and the group represents an impressive range of Singapore, regional and international clients. Ameera Ashraf leads the antitrust and competition practice, has an extensive record in the transport and food sectors, and impresses in mergers, cartels and market studies engagements. Chan Jia Hui is an emerging talent in merger control cases. Both partners led the team that advised JPMorgan on the antitrust aspects of its joint venture with DBS and Temasek to create a new blockchain-based platform for payments, trade and foreign exchange settlements.
Practice head(s):
Ameera Ashraf
Other key lawyers:
Chan Jia Hui
Key clients
CapitaLand Ltd
ESR Cayman
Intercontinental Hotels Group
Japan Pulp & Paper
JPMorgan
Keppel Corporation
Luxottica Group S.p.A
Pacific International Lines
Sembwaste Pte. Ltd.
Uber Singapore Technologies Pte. Ltd.
Work highlights
- Acted for JPMorgan on its joint venture with DBS and Temasek to create a new blockchain-based platform for payments, trade and foreign exchange settlements.
- Advised Pacific International Lines on the multi-jurisdictional merger control related issues and filings arising from the proposed transaction with Heliconia Capital Management.
- Acted for a leading financial institution and its subsidiary in an investigation for alleged cartel conduct.
Ascendant Legal LLC
Ascendant Legal LLC is the Formal Law Alliance (FLA) partner of Norton Rose Fulbright in Singapore and provides a strong focus on antitrust matters, including expertise in CCCS investigations into anti-competitive behaviour. It also assists with compliance and advisory engagements along with M&A and joint-venture matters, and is particularly recognised for its contentious expertise. Associate director Jeremiah Chew is a genuine expert in antitrust matters, along with managing director Kei-Jin Chew, who provides additional contentious expertise.
Practice head(s):
Kei-Jin Chew; Jeremiah Chew
Key clients
American Express
AXA
Ferrero
HSBC
Michelin
TotalEnergies
Work highlights
- Advised Ferrero in cooperation with Norton Rose Fulbright on competition law constraints, particularly in respect of distribution, dominance and compliance issues, across Asia Pacific and in particular in Singapore.
- Advised, jointly with the Norton Rose Fulbright Asia competition team, French oil company TotalEnergies in relation to the merger control aspects of several transactions, as well as on terms of supply across ASEAN, and in particular in Singapore.
- Advising Amex on a series of competition law compliance matters, particularly in respect of dominance and MFN clauses.
Baker McKenzie Wong & Leow
Baker McKenzie Wong & Leow continues to leverage strong connections with competition authorities around ASEAN and is widely recognised for its public policy work. The Singapore team remains active in representing clients in investigations by the CCCS and assisting colleagues in other ASEAN jurisdictions with other investigations. The group has extensive experience in the digital, e-commerce and wider technology segments, including anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominance cases. Harikumar Sukumar Pillay is the former head of the enforcement division at the CCCS, and Ken Chiais an experienced figure in the technology, media and telecoms sectors, while Lip Hang Pohis the team’s economist.
Other key lawyers:
Harikumar Sukumar Pillay; Ken Chia; Lip Hang Poh
Testimonials
‘Very commercial and practical.’
‘Harikumar Sukumar Pillay is very responsive and Lip Hang Poh has a real ability to connect with and explain difficult antitrust concepts to the lay person.’
‘From the moment we engaged the practice, everything was done thoroughly and smoothly. I could tell that the practice values details and is meticulous for it to be trusted by clients. The people I have worked with in the competition practice group specifically are excellent at their work, and very organised with other things including billing.’
Key clients
Ultra Clean Holdings
EDP Renewables
Aztiq
SGTraDex
Zespri
Jacobs Douwe Egberts
Philippine Competition Commission
Superloop Limited
Syniverse Technologies (Singapore) Pte Ltd
Perpetual (Asia) Limited (in its capacity as trustee of Keppel
DC REIT)
Keppel DC REIT Management
Work highlights
- Acted for EDP Renewables on merger control considerations associated with its SG$1.1bn acquisition of the Sunseap Group, a multi-jurisdictional deal involving numerous filings.
- Assisted Aztiq with a multi-jurisdictional merger control assessment related to its $475m acquisition of a 100% stake in Alvogen Emerging Markets Holdings.
- Conducted training for the Philippine Competition Commission on best practices for negotiating, implementing and monitoring voluntary commitments.
Dentons Rodyk
Dentons Rodyk has strong local and regional capabilities, including advising clients involved in CCCS investigations and regional compliance matters. It also has extensive regulatory and sector knowledge. Gerald Singhamleads the competition team, while Ajinderpal Singhspecialises in cartel and price-fixing investigations. Mohamad Rizuan Bin Pathie is further noted for his experience in investigations by the CCCS and merger notifications.
Practice head(s):
Gerald Singham; Ajinderpal Singh
Other key lawyers:
Key clients
Denka Chemical Holdings Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.
Singapore Poultry Hub Pte. Ltd.
Tolaram Group
GOJEK Singapore Pte. Ltd.
Tech Data Corporation
Work highlights
- Advised Singapore Poultry Hub on the implementation of its commitments arising from the CCCS’s approval of its joint venture.
- Advised Denka Chemical Holdings Asia Pacific on competition law matters including issues relating to distributorship agreements as well as compliance issues.
- Advised GOJEK Singapore on the competition law frameworks in selected ASEAN jurisdictions.
FAQs
Does Singapore have antitrust laws? ›
Overview of competition laws
The Competition Act prohibits the following three main activities: agreements which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition in Singapore; conduct which amounts to the abuse of a dominant position in any market in Singapore; and.
Section 34 Prohibition
The section prohibits anti-competition activities in Singapore in the form of formal and informal agreements between two or more undertakings with the objective of harming competition in any market.
The functions and duties of the CCCS are to: (a) Maintain and enhance efficient market conduct and promote overall productivity, innovation, and competitiveness of markets in Singapore. (b) Eliminate or control practices having adverse effect on competition in Singapore.
Who are the Big 4 law firms in Singapore? ›The Big Four law firms in Singapore are generally regarded to be Allen & Gledhill, Rajah & Tann, WongPartnership and Drew & Napier.
What is Section 47 of The Competition Act in Singapore? ›1.1 Section 47 of the Competition Act 2004 (“the Act”) prohibits any conduct on the part of one or more undertakings, which is an abuse of a dominant position, in any market in Singapore (“the section 47 prohibition”). The section 47 prohibition came into force on 1 January 2006.
What is Section 34 of the Singapore competition law? ›2.21 The section 34 prohibition applies where the object or effect of the agreement is to prevent, restrict or distort competition within Singapore. Any agreement between undertakings might be said to restrict the freedom of action of the parties.
Is Singapore too competitive? ›Singapore's economy ranks 3 rd in competitiveness, according to the latest International Institute for Management Development (IMD) World Competitiveness Ranking report. In 2021, its economy took the 5 th position, while in the year prior, it was at the top spot.
What is the unique law of Singapore? ›No Importing or Selling Chewing Gum
This is one of the most renowned laws in Singapore and has been in effect since 1992. The Regulation of Imports and Exports (Chewing Gum) notes that the importation of chewing gum into Singapore is prohibited and carries a fine of up to $100,000 or imprisonment for up to two years.
To maintain peace and harmony among its citizens, Singapore officials have put in place strict laws that prohibit any type of racism or discrimination. This allows Singapore to be a welcoming place for all travelers. Singapore has managed to create harmony among the major races in this country.
What is the level of competition in Singapore? ›Singapore ranked top three across numerous domains including the qua- lity of its institutions, infrastructure, labour market, openness to trade and financial system (2019 WEF Global Competitiveness rankings). Singapore ranked 1st in the IMD Smart City Index3 and 2nd globally in digital competitiveness4 in 2019.
What is the FTC equivalent in Singapore? ›
Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore | CCCS.
What regulatory agencies are responsible for maintaining competition? ›The FTC supports free and open markets by protecting competition, so that consumers reap the benefits of a vigorous marketplace: lower prices, higher quality products and services, and greater innovation.
Do lawyers make good money in Singapore? ›Lawyers earn monthly salaries that significantly exceed those of the average Singaporean, with fresh-faced first years earning an average of $5,000. Yet the legal industry experiences embarrassingly high attrition rates, with 3 out of 4 local lawyers leaving practice within the first 10 years.
How much does a Big 4 Partner make Singapore? ›How much does a Partner make? The national average salary for a Partner is $280,000 in Singapore. Filter by location to see Partner salaries in your area. Salary estimates are based on 84 salaries submitted anonymously to Glassdoor by Partner employees.
What is a lawyer called in Singapore? ›Advocate – Another name for barrister in countries like Singapore and the UK, but in countries like the US, the word advocate is not particularly used in law and is interchangeable with attorney, counsel or lawyer.
What is Section 54 of Singapore Competition Act? ›Section 54 prohibits mergers that have resulted, or are expected to result, in a substantial lessening of competition within any market in Singapore for goods and services. In determining whether a merger is anticompetitive, the CCCS will assess whether the merger leads to a substantial lessening of competition.
What is abuse of dominance guidelines? ›Abuse of a dominant position occurs when a dominant firm or a dominant group of firms engages in a practice of anti-competitive acts, with the result that competition has been, is, or is likely to be prevented or lessened substantially in a market.
What is unfair competition prevention and trade secret protection act korea? ›The purpose of this Act is to maintain orderly trade by preventing acts of unfair competition such as improper use of domestically well-known trademarks and trade names, and by preventing infringement of trade secrets.
What is Section 29 of competition? ›(1) Where the Commission is of the 1 [prima facie] opinion that a combination is likely to cause, or has caused an appreciable adverse effect on competition within the relevant market in India, it shall issue a notice to show cause to the parties to combination calling upon them to respond within thirty days of the ...
What is Article 81 of competition law? ›(a) impose on the undertakings concerned restrictions which are not indispensable to the attainment of these objectives; (b) afford such undertakings the possibility of eliminating competition in respect of a substantial part of the products in question.
What is Section 6 of International Arbitration Act Singapore? ›
(6) The High Court or a Judge thereof shall have, for the purpose of and in relation to an arbitration to which this Part applies, the same power of making orders in respect of any of the matters set out in subsection (1) as it has for the purpose of and in relation to an action or matter in the court. 13.
Why is Singapore the most competitive country in the world? ›Three pillars are particularly worth noting: Singapore's economy is open, especially open to trade and capital; Singapore builds and attracts a first-class labour force; and, it fosters an innovation ecosystem. These are underpinned by the country's excellent infrastructure, which facilitate its global connectivity.
What are the weaknesses of Singapore? ›Weaknesses: Falling exports in an export-focused country
Singapore's economy relies heavily on the exportation of goods to various countries, but especially to the United States. This breeds trouble. If the economy in these countries were to suffer, by proxy, so would Singapore's.
Though the lasting effects of the Covid-19 pandemic are still unknown, it has presented new challenges in Singapore along with demographic and geopolitical issues such as an aging workforce, maturing economy, growing influence of social media, and increasing competition from other trade agreements and ASEAN partners.
What are the three types of law in Singapore? ›Generally, Singapore has three sources of law: legislation, judicial precedents (case law), and custom.
Is Singapore legal system fair? ›Judicial independence
Singapore has a reputation for fairness and impartiality in commercial law, and is a popular jurisdiction for arbitration and trial in Southeast Asia. The Canadian case of Oakwell Engineering v.
There are four main sources of law in Singapore: the Constitution, legislation, subsidiary legislation, and judge-made law.
What are the absurd laws in Singapore? ›While smoking and singing at home is fine, being naked is not. Pornography is illegal – and walking around naked in your house is considered a form of pornography in Singapore because it is a disturbance to your neighbours. So better close the curtains before getting ready for shower.
Why is singing illegal in Singapore? ›A close reading of this law indicates that it stipulates 'obscene acts'—defined as singing obscene words in a public place—as illegal rather than singing itself. Poor description of this law online and a lack of scrutiny by readers may also have contributed to misinterpretation of this law.
Why is Singapore crime rate so low? ›Strict punishments as a deterrent for committing crimes
Singapore is able to keep its crime rate low by enforcing strict laws and punishments on those who break the law, as well as having a sophisticated system of surveillance.
Are monopolies illegal in Singapore? ›
Section 47 of the Act, which came into force on 1 January 2006, prohibits any conduct on the part of one or more undertakings, which is an abuse of a dominant position, in any market in Singapore (Section 47 Prohibition).
Is Singapore Asia's most competitive city? ›Singapore was named 3rd most competitive market in the world and first in the Asia-Pacific by the IMD World Competitiveness Center. Under the IMD World Competitiveness ranking, markets are scored based on economic performance, government efficiency, business efficiency, and infrastructure.
What makes Singapore different from other countries? ›Made up of Chinese, Malay, Indian and various other ethnicities, cultural heritage is what makes Singapore, Singapore — a congregation of different cultures coexisting in one congenial space. Cultural heritage is an important part of a Singaporean's identity.
What are the differences between FTC and SEC? ›The SEC's job is to protect investors and maintain fair and orderly markets. The FTC's role is to protect consumers by enforcing antitrust law and rules against deceptive advertising.
Does FTC work internationally? ›The FTC's International Consumer Protection program promotes enforcement, policy development, and technical assistance to protect consumers in the U.S. and abroad.
Is Federal Trade Commission International? ›The FTC engages with competition and consumer protection agencies in other countries, directly and through international networks, to halt deceptive and anticompetitive business practices that affect U.S. consumers.
Which two agencies are in charge of ensuring competition in the market place? ›The antitrust agencies—the Department of Justice Antitrust Division and the Federal Trade Commission— influence competition through their enforcement of antitrust (DOJ and FTC) and consumer protection laws (FTC), and their competition advocacy work.
What agency promotes competition? ›About the FTC
The FTC's mission is protecting the public from deceptive or unfair business practices and from unfair methods of competition through law enforcement, advocacy, research, and education. Our work to protect consumers and promote competition touches the economic life of every American.
Department of Trade, Industry and Competition.
What are the Big 4 law firms in Singapore? ›The Big Four law firms in Singapore are generally regarded to be Allen & Gledhill, Rajah & Tann, WongPartnership and Drew & Napier.
Can foreigners practice law in Singapore? ›
Foreign-qualified lawyers who pass the Foreign Practitioner Examinations (FPE) can register with the Legal Services Regulatory Authority as a foreign practitioner under Section 36B of the Legal Profession Act to practise in permitted areas of Singapore law.
What job pays the most in Singapore? ›- Accounting: Accounting is an in-demand profession in Singapore and is among the country's best-paying industries. ...
- Banking: The banking and finance sector is another lucrative industry in Singapore. ...
- Information & Technology: It is another well-paid job sector in Singapore.
The estimated total pay for a Partner at Deloitte is SGD 500,000 per year.
How much does a salaried partner earn in Singapore? ›The average salary for Partner is $280,000 per year in the Singapore. The average additional cash compensation for a Partner in the Singapore is $200,000, with a range from $1,820 - $1,000,000.
How much does partner at EY make in Singapore? ›EY Salary FAQs
The average salary for a Partner is $280,000 per year in Singapore, which is 180% higher than the average EY salary of $100,000 per year for this job.
This is known as the Cab Rank Rule. This rule prevents a barrister from denying a case even if they find the case objectionable or if they think that the conduct of the client is unacceptable, any other opinion or reason with respect to the source of the funding.
How much does a lawyer charge per hour in Singapore? ›| Fee Earner | SGD per hour | USD per hour |
|---|---|---|
| Senior Advocate | 975 to 1195 | 695 to 875 |
| Advocate | 695 to 975 | 495 to 695 |
| Junior Advocate | 495 to 695 | 350 to 495 |
| Professional Support | 225 to 275 | 160 to 200 |
The LSRA is helmed by the Director of Legal Services (“DLS”), who oversees the regulation of all law practice entities and the registration of foreign lawyers in Singapore.
What is the anti monopoly law in Singapore? ›The Competition Act prohibits conduct that constitutes an abuse of a dominant position in a market, including conduct that protects, enhances or perpetuates the dominant position of an undertaking in ways unrelated to competitive merit.
Is Singapore protected by the United States? ›The United States cooperates with Singapore on the full range of security issues, to include border security, maritime security, military preparedness, counter proliferation, cybersecurity, and counterterrorism.
Which country has antitrust laws? ›
United States of America. The United States of America has had antitrust laws longer than any other country. The first Antitrust laws in the United States of America had been introduced in 1890 by the name Sherman Act, 1890.
What are some examples of monopolies in Singapore? ›High Barriers to Entry
An example of monopoly is the television broadcast market in Singapore. In the above diagram, the demand curve (D) of the monopoly, which is the average revenue curve (AR), is downward sloping. If the firm wants to sell one more unit of the good, it must decrease the price.
Monopolies also exist in Singapore. For example, Singapore Power and Mediacorp, which own a monopoly on electrical power and radio and television media respectively. This means that the entire consumer population is supplied by only one firm with extremely significant market power.
What is competition and antitrust law? ›Antitrust rules prohibit agreements between market operators that would restrict competition, and the abuse of dominance. Competition encourages companies to offer consumers goods and services at the most favourable terms. It encourages efficiency and innovation and reduces prices.
What is the trade agreement between US and Singapore? ›The US – Singapore Free Trade Agreement (USSFTA) eliminates tariffs for all of Singapore's exports to the US. It gives tariff preference based on the exporter's declaration, waives Merchandising Processing Fees for Singapore originating products and safeguards market access.
Can US citizens stay in Singapore? ›US Passport Holders (regular, official and diplomatic) do not require a visa to enter Singapore for business or for social visit purposes.
Does the UN recognize Singapore? ›Singapore joined the UN on 21 September 1965 after gaining independence on 9 August 1965. Small states like Singapore now comprise more than half of the UN membership.
What are the free market policies in Singapore? ›Open Markets
The trade regime is open and competitive, and no tariffs are imposed on imports. The law treats foreign and domestic businesses equally, and nearly all sectors of the economy are open to 100 percent foreign ownership. The financial sector is highly competitive and resilient.
Under section 49 of the Trade Marks Act (TMA), it is a criminal offence to sell counterfeit goods in Singapore. This includes reselling the products on online platforms. For example, in March 2019, 4 women were arrested for selling luxury brand counterfeit goods and apparel online.
Who is exempt from U.S. antitrust laws? ›Lobbying Exemption - Efforts to lobby government officials is exempt from antitrust regulation, despite the anticompetitive purpose and potential effect. This is known as the Noerr-Pennington Doctrine.
Do U.S. antitrust laws apply to foreign companies? ›
It might surprise you that you are subject to the US antitrust laws. The Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act (FTAIA) limits the extraterritorial scope of US antitrust law by excluding conduct involving non-import trade or commerce with foreign nations.
What organizations are exempt from the U.S. antitrust laws? ›For various reasons over time, certain industries and organized groups have been exempted from the operation of US antitrust laws. These include organized labor, insurance companies, and baseball.